Vowel fronting

Vowel fronting is a mutation affecting the back vowels /u, o, ɑ/ in certain positions. An example is in adjectives, compare: ად ჯინფიტ ჵყბან ჵჲჩჲკეჱფჷჩ the red dog bites. ად ჯინფიტ ყბან ჵჲჩჲკეჱფჷჩ the dog bites the red (thing).

Combining affixes

 * The combining form of the nominative singular pronouns, აჸაჩ and ჲფაჩ are ჵა- and ჵჲ- (from the first vowels).